📘 ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE (COMPLETE)
Voice क्या है?
English: Voice shows whether subject performs or receives action.
Hindi: Voice बताता है कि Subject कार्य करता है या कार्य उस पर होता है।
English: Voice shows whether subject performs or receives action.
Hindi: Voice बताता है कि Subject कार्य करता है या कार्य उस पर होता है।
🔹 Subject → Object Pronoun Table
| Subject | Object | Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| I | me | मैं → मुझे |
| We | us | हम → हमें |
| You | you | तुम/आप → तुम्हें/आपको |
| He | him | वह (लड़का) → उसे |
| She | her | वह (लड़की) → उसे |
| They | them | वे → उन्हें |
| It | it | यह → इसे |
🔹 Basic Structure Table
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| S + V + O | O + be + V3 + by + S |
🔹 Tense Wise Passive Table
| Tense | Passive Structure |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | is/am/are + V3 |
| Present Continuous | is/am/are being + V3 |
| Present Perfect | has/have been + V3 |
| Past Simple | was/were + V3 |
| Past Continuous | was/were being + V3 |
| Past Perfect | had been + V3 |
| Future Simple | will be + V3 |
| Future Perfect | will have been + V3 |
| Modal | modal + be + V3 |
🔹 Example
Ram writes a letter.
👉 A letter is written by Ram.
(पत्र राम द्वारा लिखा जाता है।)
👉 A letter is written by Ram.
(पत्र राम द्वारा लिखा जाता है।)
🔹 Important Rules
- Only transitive verbs change into passive.
- Pronoun must change according to table.
- Helping verb depends on tense.
- Sometimes “by + subject” can be removed.