English Direct & Indirect Chapter Deep You Read this

Direct & Indirect – क्या आपने कभी किसी की बात को अपने शब्दों में दोहराया है?

जैसे – “Mohan said, ‘I am happy.'” को “Mohan said that he was happy.” में बदल दिया?

यही Direct और Indirect Speech का कमाल है!

What is Direct & Indirect?

📌 Direct Speech in Direct & Indirect

जब हम किसी की कही हुई बात को ठीक वैसे ही दोहराते हैं, बिना कोई बदलाव किए, तब वह Direct Speech कहलाती है।

✅ Example:
🔹 Rahul said, “I love cricket.”
(यहाँ हम Rahul की बात को ज्यों का त्यों दोहरा रहे हैं।)

📌 Indirect Speech in Direct & Indirect

जब हम किसी की कही हुई बात को अपने शब्दों में बदलकर कहते हैं, तब उसे Indirect Speech कहते हैं।

✅ Example:
🔹 Rahul said that he loved cricket.
(यहाँ हमने “I” को “he” में बदल दिया और “love” को “loved” में।)

💡 सोचिए और बताइए!💡

अगर दोस्त आपको कहते हैं – “I will meet you tomorrow.”
तो आप इसे Indirect Speech में कैसे बदलेंगे? जवाब नीचे कमेंट में लिखिए! 👇

Direct and Indirect Speech Rules

📌 1. Pronoun Change (सर्वनाम में बदलाव)

Indirect Speech में Subject और Object के अनुसार Pronoun बदल जाते हैं।

✅ Example:
🔹 He said, “I am busy.” → He said that he was busy.
🔹 She said, “We love dancing.” → She said that they loved dancing.

📌 2. Tense Change (काल में बदलाव)

DIRECT & INDIRECT मे हम अगर Reporting Verb (said, told) Past Tense में है, तो Reported Speech का Tense बदल जाता है।

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Present Simple → “I eat an apple.”	Past Simple → He said that he ate an apple.
Present Continuous → “I am reading a book.”	Past Continuous → He said that he was reading a book.
Present Perfect → “I have finished my work.”	Past Perfect → He said that he had finished his work.
Past Simple → “I went to Delhi.”	Past Perfect → He said that he had gone to Delhi.
Will → “I will help you.”	Would → He said that he would help me.

❌ No Tense Change in Universal Truths!
🔹 She said, “The sun rises in the east.” → She said that the sun rises in the east.

3.Direct & Indirect में Time & Place Words Change (समय और स्थान बदलते हैं)

DIRECT & INDIRECT मे हम अगर कुछ शब्द Indirect Speech में बदल जाते हैं:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Today → “I am busy today.”	That day → He said that he was busy that day.
Tomorrow → “I will go tomorrow.”	The next day → He said that he would go the next day.
Yesterday → “I saw him yesterday.”	The previous day → He said that he had seen him the previous day.
Now → “I am happy now.”	Then → He said that he was happy then.
This → “I like this book.”	That → He said that he liked that book.
Here → “I am here.”	There → He said that he was there.

📌 4. Reporting Verb Change (कहने वाले शब्द बदलते हैं)

Said to → Told
Say → Said
Ask → जब सवाल हो
Request / Order → जब अनुरोध या आदेश हो

✅ Example:
🔹 He said to me, “Open the door.” → He told me to open the door.
🔹 She said, “Please help me.” → She requested me to help her.

📌 5. Question और Imperative Sentences में बदलाव

Yes/No Questions → if/whether जोड़ते हैं।
✅ Example:
🔹 He said, “Do you like tea?” → He asked if I liked tea.
WH-Questions (What, Where, Why, etc.) → WH-Word को वैसे ही रखते हैं।
✅ Example:
🔹 She said, “Where are you going?” → She asked where I was going.
Commands & Requests → To + Verb जोड़ते हैं।
✅ Example:
🔹 He said, “Close the window.” → He told me to close the window.

💡 Challenge for You! (सोचिए और बताइए!)

अगर कोई कहे – “I am watching a movie now.”
तो आप इसे Indirect Speech में कैसे बदलेंगे? 🤔
अपना जवाब कमेंट में लिखिए! 👇

“Says to” and “Say to” in Direct & Indirect Speech

Usage of “Say” and “Says”

“Say” is used in the present tense with I, we, you, they, plural subjects.
“Says” is used in the present tense with he, she, it, singular subjects.
“Say” and “Says” are used in direct speech but require “to” before the object if mentioning whom we are speaking to.

✅ Examples:
🔹 Direct: He says to me, “I like coffee.”
🔹 Indirect: He tells me that he likes coffee.

🔹 Direct: She says to them, “You are my best friends.”
🔹 Indirect: She tells them that they are her best friends.

Rules for Changing “Say to” and “Says to” in Indirect Speech

“Say to” / “Says to” changes into “Tell” / “Tells”
- Direct: She says to me, “You are kind.”
- Indirect: She tells me that I am kind.
If there is no object after “say,” it remains unchanged.
- Direct: He says, “The earth is round.”
- Indirect: He says that the earth is round.
In past tense, “said to” changes into “told.”
- Direct: He said to me, “You are my friend.”
- Indirect: He told me that I was his friend.

Exercise (Convert Direct to Indirect Speech)

She says to me, “I love reading books.”
He says to them, “You should work hard.”
The teacher says to us, “Honesty is the best policy.”
She says, “I am happy today.”
They say to him, “You sing well.”