Synthesis Complete Chapter

📘 SYNTHESIS (Sentence Transformation)

1️⃣ Synthesis क्या है?

English: Synthesis means combining two or more sentences into one single sentence.

Hindi: Synthesis का अर्थ है दो या अधिक वाक्यों को मिलाकर एक वाक्य बनाना।

2️⃣ Types of Sentences (वाक्य के प्रकार)

Simple Sentence (सरल वाक्य)
One clause only.
केवल एक clause होता है।
Example: He works hard. (वह मेहनत करता है।)

Compound Sentence (संयुक्त वाक्य)
Two independent clauses joined by and, but, or, so.
दो स्वतंत्र वाक्य conjunction से जुड़े होते हैं।
Example: He worked hard and he passed.
(वह मेहनत किया और पास हो गया।)

Complex Sentence (मिश्रित वाक्य)
One main clause + one subordinate clause.
एक मुख्य वाक्य + एक आश्रित वाक्य।
Example: He passed because he worked hard.
(वह पास हुआ क्योंकि उसने मेहनत की।)

3️⃣ Simple Sentence Synthesis

Using Participle (Verb + ing)
Rule: Remove second subject if same and use verb + ing.
यदि subject समान हो तो दूसरी क्रिया में ing लगाएँ।

He worked hard. He passed.
👉 Working hard, he passed.
(मेहनत करके वह पास हो गया।)

Using Infinitive (To + Verb)
Purpose दिखाने के लिए।

He went to market. He bought fruits.
👉 He went to market to buy fruits.
(वह फल खरीदने बाजार गया।)

Using By / Without

He worked hard. He succeeded.
👉 He succeeded by working hard.
(वह मेहनत करके सफल हुआ।)

4️⃣ Compound Sentence Synthesis

Using AND (और)

She worked hard. She passed.
👉 She worked hard and passed.
(वह मेहनत की और पास हो गई।)

Using BUT (लेकिन)

Ram is poor. He is honest.
👉 Ram is poor but honest.
(राम गरीब है लेकिन ईमानदार है।)

Using OR (या)

Hurry up. You will miss the bus.
👉 Hurry up or you will miss the bus.
(जल्दी करो नहीं तो बस छूट जाएगी।)

5️⃣ Complex Sentence Synthesis

Using Because (क्योंकि)

He was ill. He did not come.
👉 He did not come because he was ill.
(वह नहीं आया क्योंकि वह बीमार था।)

Using Although (हालाँकि)

He worked hard. He failed.
👉 Although he worked hard, he failed.
(हालाँकि उसने मेहनत की, फिर भी वह असफल रहा।)

Using That (कि)

I know something. It is true.
👉 I know that it is true.
(मैं जानता हूँ कि यह सत्य है।)

6️⃣ Special Structures (विशेष संरचना)

Too…to

He is very weak. He cannot walk.
👉 He is too weak to walk.
(वह इतना कमजोर है कि चल नहीं सकता।)

So…that

He was very tired. He could not walk.
👉 He was so tired that he could not walk.
(वह इतना थका था कि चल नहीं सका।)

Enough…to

He is strong. He can lift the box.
👉 He is strong enough to lift the box.
(वह इतना मजबूत है कि डिब्बा उठा सकता है।)

7️⃣ Practice Questions

He was tired. He went to sleep.
She is poor. She is honest.
He worked hard. He failed.
He is very weak. He cannot run.
I know him. He is honest.